Radiographic Testing-Formula

Radiographic Inspection - Exposure-Density Relationship

                                   

                                                             Where: E1= Exposure 1
                                                                       E2= Exposure 2
                                                                       FD1= Film density at exposure 1
                                                                       FD2= Film density at exposure 2


Radiographic Inspection - Exposure-Distance Relationship


Where:
E1        =          Exposure at D 1
E2        =          Exposure at D2
D1        =          Distance 1 from source
D2        =          Distance 2 from source

Inverse Square Law

 Where:
I1         =          Intensity 1 at D1
I2         =          Intensity 2 at D2
D1        =          Distance 1 from source
D2        =          Distance 2 from source

Reciprocity Law

Where:
C1        =          Current 1
C2        =          Current  2
T1        =          Time 1 at C1
T2        =          Time 2 at C2

Geometric Unsharpness

Where:
Ug        =          Geometric unsharpness
f           =          Focal spot size
a          =          Distance from source to object

Indication Depth                

Where:
D          =          Defect depth from the film side of the part
t           =          Thickness of material
SD        =          Shift of defect image on the film
SM       =          Shift of surface marker on the film

Half-Value Layer Calculation

Where:
HVL      =          Half-value layer
m         =          Linear attenuation coefficient